Primary tooth restoration with colored compomer: case report / Restauração de dente decíduo com compômero colorido: relato de caso

ABSTRACT In pediatric dentistry, restorative treatment requires a material with good mechanical properties, ease of handling, and usability. For the restoration of deciduous teeth, colored compomers are an alternative material for motivating children in dental treatment and, consequently, behavior management. This study aimed to provide information about colored compomers by presenting a case of restoration in a deciduous molar with a five-year follow-up. Additionally, the study highlights the child's motivation toward dental treatment and oral care, thus offering an alternative to other restorative materials for clinicians to consider. The treatment plan for tooth 75 was selective removal of decayed tissue and restoration with compomer blue- colored Twinkly Star. The restoration was performed without anesthesia under relative isolation following the clinical protocol recommended by the manufacturer. As a result, it was observed that the restoration in colored Twinky Star compomer remained aesthetically and functionally satisfactory after five years. In addition, it was favorable for the child's collaboration in dental treatment. It is concluded that colored Twinky Star compomer can be a viable alternative for restoring deciduous teeth, contributing to children's dental treatment and oral care motivation.

RESUMO Em Odontopediatria, o tratamento restaurador exige um material que tenha boas propriedades mecânicas, facilidade de manipulação e de uso. Para a restauração de dentes decíduos, os compômeros coloridos são uma alternativa de material para a motivação de crianças no tratamento odontológico e consequentemente manejo de comportamento. Sabendo da necessidade de conhecer melhor os compômeros coloridos, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de restauração com compômero colorido em molar decíduo com acompanhamento de cinco anos, bem como a motivação da criança perante o tratamento odontológico e cuidados bucais a fim de apresentar ao clínico uma alternativa a outros materiais restauradores. O plano de tratamento para este dente 75 foi remoção seletiva de tecido cariado e restauração com compômero colorido twinky star na cor azul. A restauração foi feita sem anestesia sob isolamento relativo seguindo o protocolo clínico preconizado pelo fabricante. Como resultado observou-se que a restauração em compômero Twinky Star colorido manteve-se satisfatória tanto estética quanto funcionalmente após cinco anos. Além disso, mostrou-se favorável para a colaboração da criança no tratamento odontológico. Conclui-se que o uso do compômero Twinky Star colorido pode ser uma alternativa viável para restauração de dente decíduo, contribuindo para a motivação de crianças no tratamento odontológico e cuidados bucais.

Materiais restauradores em odontopediatria: preferência de pais e crianças e análise bibliométrica-altimétrica / Restorative materials in pediatric dentistry: children's and adults' preference and bibliometric-altmetric analysis

Atualmente, diversos materiais restauradores encontram-se disponíveis para aplicabilidade em Odontopediatria. Os avanços dos materiais restauradores conduzem à necessidade de novos estudos nessa temática. O presente estudo apresenta duas propostas de investigação: 1) Estudo transversal com objetivo de avaliar a preferência de pais/responsáveis e crianças quanto ao emprego do compômero colorido (Twinky Star®, Voco, Alemanha); 2) Estudo bibliométrico altimétrico com objetivo de analisar 50 artigos mais citados referente aos materiais restauradores utilizados em Odontopediatria e o alcance dessa informação científica nas mídias on-line. O estudo transversal envolveu 260 pares de pais/responsáveis e crianças de 5 a 11 anos de idade de dois serviços de saúde da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG. Exame quanto à cárie dentária foi realizado por examinadora calibrada para o critério da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Um manequim odontológico contendo restaurações com compômeros coloridos e materiais convencionais (resina composta, ionômero de vidro e amálgama) foi apresentado aos participantes do estudo e realizou-se inquérito sobre a preferência dos materiais dentários. O Questionário de Estilo e Dimensões dos Pais (PSDQ) e o Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Junior (EPQ-J) foram aplicados, este último apenas para pais/responsáveis de crianças de 5 e 6 anos de idade. Análises descritivas, bivariadas e regressão multivariada de Poisson foram realizadas. A maioria dos pais/responsáveis (74,2%) preferiu materiais convencionais. A idade da criança (p=0,006), a renda familiar (p= 0,001) e o nível de escolaridade (p< 0,001) associaram se a essa escolha. A análise multivariada demonstrou que crianças menores de 7 anos apresentaram 1,20 vezes maior probabilidade de escolher compômeros coloridos do que seus pares mais velhos (p< 0,001), assim como pais/responsáveis com menos de 11 anos de escolaridade e cujos filhos eram menores de 7 anos apresentaram 2,17 e 1,74 maior probabilidade para escolher compômeros coloridos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que responsáveis com maior escolaridade apresentaram maior resistência às restaurações coloridas e crianças menores de 7 anos aceitaram melhor este material. O estudo bibliométrico-altimétrico adotou estratégia de busca em três bases (Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar), independente da data de publicação. Após seleção dos artigos por um grupo de cinco pesquisadores, em março de 2023, foram incluídos estudos que avaliassem qualquer material restaurador empregado em dentes decíduos e analisados dados referentes ao título, número de citações, país/continente, autoria, periódico, instituição, desenho do estudo, tipo de material restaurador, e escore altimétrico. Os artigos, publicados entre 1991 a 2002, apresentaram variação de citações de 19 a 113. Os autores com maior número de citações foram Qvist V e Teglers PT. O estudo experimental foi o principal delineamento de estudo observado e o cimento de ionomero de vidro foi o material mais reportado. A Europa foi o continente, e o Brasil, o país com maior número de citações. O escore altimétrico esteve presente em 23 artigos, com ênfase para dois artigos (43/6º e 73/7º). Concluiu-se que o cimento de ionômero de vidro foi o material mais estudado. Ficou evidente o distanciamento entre a posição dos trabalhos nas análises bibliométrica e altimétrica, apontando necessidade de disseminação da informação além dos círculos acadêmicos.

Currently, an arsenal of restorative materials is available for applicability in pediatric dentistry. The advances in restorative materials conducted to need for further studies in this thematic. The present study presents two investigation proposals: 1) Cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate the preference of parents and children regarding the use of colored compomer (Twinky Star®, Voco, Germany); 2) Bibliometric-altmetric study aiming to analyze the 50-most cited papers regarding to restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry and the dissemination of scientific information in online media. The cross-sectional study included 260 pairs of caregivers/children aged 5 to 11, in two public health services, in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte-MG. Examination for dental caries was performed by an examiner calibrated to the criteria of the World Health Organization. A dental mannequin containing colored compomers restorations and conventional materials (composite resin, glass ionomer cement and dental amalgam) was presented to the population and a survey was conducted about the preference of dental materials. Parents' Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Junior (EPQ-J) were applied, the last one only for parents/caregivers of children aged 5 to 6. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyzes were performed. Most adults (74.2%) preferred conventional materials. Family income (p= 0.001) and education level (p< 0.001) were associated with its choice. Age up to 7 (p< 0.001) associated with children's choice for colored restorations (72.3%). Children younger than 7 had 1.20 higher probability to choose colored compomers than their older pairs, while adults with children younger than 7 and less than 11 years of schooling had 1.74 and 2.17 higher probability to choose colored compomers, respectively. It was concluded that caregivers with higher educational level showed greater resistance to use of colored restorations and children younger than 7 had better acceptance of colored material. The bibliometrics-altmetrics study adopted a search strategy in three databases (Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar), independent of the year of publication. After selection of papers by a panel of five researchers, in March 2023, any restorative material used in deciduous teeth was included and data about the title, number of citations, country/continent, authorship, journal, design of the study, type of restorative material, university and altmetrics score were analyzed. The papers, published between 1991 and 2002, ranged from 19 to 113 citations. The authors with the highest number of citations were Qvist V and Teglers PT. The experimental study was the main study design observed. Analyzing the continent and country with the highest number of citations, Europe highlighted and Brazil was predominant. The altmetric score was present in 23 papers, emphasizing two articles (43/6th and 73/7th). It was concluded that glass ionomer cement was the most studied material. A gap between the position of the papers correlating the bibliometrics and altmetrics analyzes was evident, demonstrating the need to disseminate the information beyond academic circles.

Influence of fluoride-releasing materials in the inhibition of enamel and dentin demineralization around restorations / Influência de materiais liberadores de flúor na inibição da desmineralização do esmalte e da dentina ao redor de restaurações

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the influence of fluoride-releasing restorative materials in enamel and dentin microhardness. Material and Methods: 40 blocks (5x5x3 mm) from cervical third of human molars received a cavity preparation between the enamel and dentin, and the restorations were subjected to in vitro caries model. Specimens were randomly restored with (n=10): conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem, 3M ESPE); polyacid-modified composite resin (Ionoseal, VOCO); resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Ionofast, Biodinâmica); or microhybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and enamel and dentin Knoop microhardness were determined at different distances from the restorative material (100, 200 and 300 µm) and depth of surface (20, 40 and 60 µm). The data were submitted to three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey ́s test ( α =0.05). Results: For enamel, the double interactions between material x distance and material x depth were statistically significant. In all depths and distances, the highest values of enamel microhardness were observed for Ketac Cem. In dentin, the materials differed statistically from each other, and Ionoseal obtained higher microhardness values than those found in Ionofast. Conclusion: Conventional glass ionomer cement is more effective in preventing enamel demineralization around restoration followed by the polyacid-modified composite resin. In dentin, the polyacid-modified composite resin obtained better performance than resin-modified glass ionomer cement. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar a influência de materiais restauradores liberadores de flúor na microdureza do esmalte e da dentina. Material e Métodos: 40 blocos (5x5x3 mm) do terço cervical de molares humanos receberam preparo cavitário entre esmalte e dentina, e após a restauração foram submetidas a um modelo in vitro de cárie. As amostras foram restauradas aleatoriamente com (n=10): cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional (Ketac Cem, 3M ESPE); resina composta modificada por poliácidos (Ionoseal, VOCO); cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (Ionofast, Biodinâmica); ou resina composta microhíbrida (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). As amostras foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e a microdureza Knoop de esmalte e dentina foi determinada em diferentes distâncias do material restaurador (100, 200 e 300 µm) e profundidade de superfície (20, 40 e 60 µm). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA para medidas repetidas de três fatores e teste de Tukey (α =0,05). Resultados: Para o esmalte, as duplas interações entre material x distância e material x profundidade foram estatisticamente significativas. Em todas as profundidades e distâncias, os maiores valores de microdureza do esmalte foram observados para o Ketac Cem. Na dentina, Ionoseal obteve valores de microdureza superiores aos encontrados no Ionofast. Conclusão:O cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional é mais eficaz na prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte ao redor da restauração, seguido pela resina composta modificada por poliácidos. Na dentina, a resina composta modificada por poliácidos obteve melhor desempenho que o cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina. (AU)

Evaluation of Residual Monomer Release After Polymerization of Colored Compomer Materials

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization by the compomers in different colors and viscosities over time. Material and Methods: The compomer samples of different colors and viscosities (flowable compomers; blue-pink and packable compomers; A2-blue-pink-gold) were prepared in molds with an inner diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. In polymerization of samples, a LED unit was used. The amount of monomers released from the samples kept in 75% ethanol/water solution was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument in the 10th minute, in the 1st hour, and in the 1st, 7th, and 14th days. For statistical analyses, the paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were used. Results: The amount of residual monomers released from all materials increased over time. At the end of the 14th day, the most released monomer from all compomer samples was BisGMA. The total amounts of released monomers from the packable compomers were Gold>A2>blue>pink. The amount of residual monomers released from flowable compomers was higher in blue than in pink. Conclusion: The color and the viscosity are the factors affecting the residual monomer release in compomers.

Effect of Polishing Systems on Fluoride Release and Surface Roughness of Different Restorative Materials / El efecto de los sistemas de pulido en la liberación de flúor y rugosidad de diferentes materiales restauradores

ABSTRACT Secondary caries is an important factor in the replacement of the restorations, and it is thought that fluoride-releasing materials may prevent this problem. Furthermore, the fluoride release of the materials may be increased by polishing process. Available knowledge about the effect of polishing systems (PS) on the fluoride release of materials is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PS on the fluoride release of fluoride-containing materials. Restorative materials were divided into 6 groups: Fuji IX GP, Fuji II, Dyract XP, Beautifil II, Beautifil-Bulk, and Filtek Ultimate. Each group was also divided into four subgroups: Mylar strip, Sof-Lex Discs, Sof-Lex Diamond, and OneGloss. Fluoride release was determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer. Two- way repeated measure and one-way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. The initial rapid fluoride release was observed only in Fuji IX. The PS increased the fluoride release of Fuji IX and Fuji II and Dyract XP materials while reducing the fluoride release of resin-based materials. The highest surface roughness values were obtained with OneGloss. Further, a significant relationship between fluoride release and surface roughness was found. The polishing provides an increase in fluoride release, especially in glass-ionomer-based materials. This article revealed that there is a relationship between fluoride release and surface roughness. Proper PS must be chosen according to the material to provide the best clinical benefits in terms of fluoride release and surface roughness.

RESUMEN La caries secundaria es un factor importante para el reemplazo de restauraciones y se considera que los materiales que liberan flúor pueden prevenir este problema. Además, la liberación de fluoruro de estos materiales podría incrementarse mediante el proceso de pulido. El conocimiento disponible sobre el efecto de los sistemas de pulido (SP) en la liberación de fluoruro de los materiales es limitado. Por lo tanto, este estudio se realizó para evaluar el efecto de los SP sobre la liberación de fluoruro de materiales que contienen fluoruro. Los materiales de restauración se dividieron en 6 grupos: Fuji IX GP, Fuji II, Dyract XP, Beautifil II, Beautifil-Bulk y Filtek Ultimate. Cada grupo también se dividió en cuatro subgrupos: Banda Mylar, Discos Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond y OneGloss. La liberación de fluoruro se determinó usando un electrodo selectivo de iones fluoruro. La rugosidad de la superficie se evaluó con un perfilómetro. Se utilizaron medidas repetidas bidireccionales y pruebas ANOVA de una vía para el análisis estadístico. La liberación inicial rápida de fluoruro se observó solo en Fuji IX. El SP aumentó la liberación de fluoruro de los materiales Fuji IX y Fuji II y Dyract XP al tiempo que redujo la liberación de fluoruro de los materiales a base de resina. Los valores más altos de rugosidad de la superficie se obtuvieron con OneGloss. Además, se encontró una relación significativa entre la liberación de fluoruro y la rugosidad de la superficie. El pulido proporciona un aumento en la liberación de fluoruro, especialmente en materiales a base de ionómero de vidrio. Este artículo reveló que existe una relación entre la liberación de fluoruro y la rugosidad de la superficie. El SP adecuado debe elegirse de acuerdo con el material para proporcionar los mejores beneficios clínicos en términos de liberación de fluoruro y rugosidad de la superficie.

Restauraciones de lesiones cervicales no cariosas: un protocolo de revisión sistemática para la práctica clínica / Restorations of non-carious cervical lesions: a review protocol systematic for clinical practice

Las lesiones cervicales no cariosas son condiciones patológicas no bacterianas localizadas en el límite amelocementario de los dientes. Los principales biomateriales descritos para el tratamiento restaurador de estas lesiones son: vidrios ionómeros, vidrios ionómeros modificados con resinas, compómeros y resinas compuestas. El objetivo de este protocolo, consiste en establecer los elementos metodológicos de una revisión sistemática que evaluará el comportamiento clínico de restauraciones cervicales realizadas con estos biomateriales. Métodos: El protocolo fue diseñado, y será reportado, en línea con Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P 2015). Se realizará una búsqueda sensible en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials y ClinicalTrials.gov, sin restricción por lenguaje o publicación, para identificar ensayos controlados aleatorizados que comparen dos o más tratamientos restauradores en lesiones cervicales no cariosas. Los desenlaces a evaluar serán la retención de las restauraciones y caries secundaria, según criterios RYGE/USPHS. Al menos dos investigadores realizarán de manera independiente la selección de los ensayos y la extracción de los datos. El riesgo de sesgo será evaluado utilizando la herramienta recomendada por la colaboración Cochrane. Si es posible, se realizará un metanálisis y los datos serán presentados en tablas de resúmenes de resultados mediante el método Grading of Recommendations Assesment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Fortalezas y debilidades: Esta revisión sistemática entregará evidencia actualizada sobre el comportamiento de cuatro biomateriales en el tratamiento de lesiones cervicales no cariosas. La principal limitación proviene de la baja cantidad o deficiencias metodológicas de los estudios primarios. Número de registro (PROSPERO): CRD42017071114.(AU)

Non-carious cervical lesions constitute a group of non-bacterial pathological conditions of the dental structure located at amelocementary junction. The main dental materials that have been described for the restorative treatment of these lesions are: ionomer glass, resin modified ionomer glass, compomers and composite resins. The objective of this protocol, is to establish the methodological elements of a systematic review, that will evaluate the clinical behavior of cervical restorations performed with four dental biomaterials. Methods: The protocol was designed, and will be reported, in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P 2015). We will conduct a sensitive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov, without language or publication restrictions, in order to identify randomized controlled trials comparing two or more restorative treatments in non-carious cervical lesions. The evaluated outcomes will be retention of restorations and secondary caries, according to RYGE/USPHS criteria. At least two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data. The risk of bias will be assessed using the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed and the data will be presented in summary tables of results using the Grading of Recommendations Assesment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Strength and Limitations: This systematic review will provide updated evidence on the behavior of four different dental biomaterials in the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions. The main limitation might arise from the low number or methodological limitations of primary studies. Register number (PROSPERO): CRD42017071114.(AU)

Nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin bone substitute for repairing bone defects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:To obtain a more ideal bone substitute material, nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite material has been prepared in the preliminary experiments. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite material for repair of bone defects. METHODS:Thirty healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, and unilateral middle and distal femoral bone defect models were prepared. The experimental group was implanted with nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite material, and the control group was implanted with pure hydroxyapatite. At 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery, the femur was taken from each rabbit for gross, X-ray, biomechanical and histological examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In both two groups, biomechanical strength was gradualy increased with time, but the biomechanical strength was higher in the experimental group than the control group at different time points (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, in the experimental group, the bone graft had the smooth surface and exhibited normal color with no difference from the surrounding bone, the artificial bone material was completely absorbed and degraded, and bone defects were completely healed; in the control group, the bone graft had no smooth surface on which the bone cortex was continuous and showed unclear boundary with the surrounding bone tissues, the artificial bone materials were incompletely degraded, bone defects were connected by the caluses, the artificial bone materials were closely in conjunction with the surrounding bone tissues, and bone defects were partialy repaired. These findings indicate that the nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite artificial material can promote bone defect repair and exhibit stronger osteogenic ability.

Double-chamber stirred bioreactor improves the repaired effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate on goat knee cartilage defects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:A preliminary experiment developed a double-chamber stirred bioreactor which can carry out osteogenic and cartilage induction at the same time. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of double-chamber stirred bioreactor on the repair of goat knee cartilage defects with tissue-engineered cartilage. METHODS:Twelve goats were selected to make bilateral femoral condyle osteochondral defects models and randomized to three groups:experimental group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor under mechanical stimulation;control group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor;blank control group, without treatment. After 12 and 24 weeks of implantation, general observation, Masson staining, II col agen immunohistochemical staining and histological scoring were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental and control groups, new cartilage tissue and bone tissue were visible, but the experimental group showed better repair effects than the control group (P<0.05). The blank control group had no cartilage formation. These findings indicate that under the mechanical stimulation by the double-chamber stirred bioreactor in vitro, the repair effect of tissue-engineered osteochondral complex on knee joint cartilage defects can be improved.

Avaliação da liberação de flúor de compósitos ortodônticos: superBond Instant® e Color Change® / Assessment of release of fluoride composites orthodontic: superBond Instant® and Color Change®

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo é testar a hipótese de que não há diferença no desempenho de compósitos ortodônticos entre si quanto à liberação de flúor. Métodos: Os materiais foram divididos em 3 grupos: 2 compósitos ortodônticos utilizados para colagem de bráquetes ortodônticos: Grupo SI (SuperBond Instant, OrthoSource) e Grupo CC (Color Change, OrthoSource) e 1 cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) convencional utilizado para cimentação de bandas ortodônticas; Grupo S (Sumo, OrthoSource), como controle. A liberação de flúor foi medida durante 28 dias (1h, 24h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), através de eletrodo íon seletivo conectado a um analisador de íons. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney, a um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que os materiais atingiram o pico máximo de liberação de flúor com 24h após presa inicial. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos SI e CC com o grupo S em todos os tempos avaliados (p < 0.05). Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos SI e CC nos tempos de 1h, 24h, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias (p < 0.05). Conclusão: A hipótese foi rejeitada. O compósito Color Change apresentou desempenho melhor comparado ao SuperBond Instant, porém ambos apresentaram uma liberação de flúor pouco expressiva comparados ao CIV convencional.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in performance of orthodonticcomposites in terms of their fluoride release. Methods: The materials were divided into three groups:two composites used for orthodontic Bonding of orthodontic brackets: Group SI (Instant SuperBond, Ortho-Source) and Group CC (Color Change, OrthoSource) and a glass ionomer cement (GIC) used for conventionalcementing orthodontic bands: Group S (Sumo, OrthoSource) as the control. Fluoride release was measuredduring 28 Days (1h, 24h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 Days), by ion selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer.The data were subjected to nonparametric tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, with a significance levelof 5%. Results: The results showed that the materials reached the peak of fluoride release after 24 hours afterinitial set. Statistical difference between groups SI and DC with the group S at all times evaluated (p <0.05).Statistical difference between groups SI and CC in 1h, 24h, 3, 7, 14 and 21 Days (p <0.05). Conclusion: Thehypothesis was rejected. Color Change composite performance was better compared to SuperBond Instant, butboth had a very expressive fluoride release compared to conventional GIC.

Potencial antibacteriano dos materiais restauradores frente às bactérias cariogênicas: uma revisão da literatura / Antibacterial potential of restorative materials on cariogenic bacteria: a literature review

Objetivos: avaliar, através de uma revisão da literatura, a eficácia antibacteriana in vitro de determinados materiais restauradores dentários sobre microrganismos envolvidos em processos cariosos, especialmente Streptococcus mutans. Material e Métodos: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs e Cochrane, aplicando-se os seguintes descritores: potencial antibacteriano, Streptococcus mutans, materiais restauradores, cimentos de ionômeros de vidro, compômeros, resinas compostas. Foram selecionados 8 artigos, com base nos seguintes critérios de inclusão: estudos in vitro que avaliaram a atividade antibacteriana de materiais restauradores e que utilizaram cepas da bactéria Streptococcus mutans em meios de cultura tradicionais, bem como disponibilidade do texto integral, publicação nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola e clareza no detalhamento metodológico utilizado. Resultados e Conclusão: Os resultados dos estudos selecionados demonstram que cimentos de ionômero de vidro apresentam maior potencial antibacteriano do que compômeros e resinas compostas, apesar da necessidade de mais estudos que esclareçam o real potencial antibacteriano desse material.

Objective: To evaluate, through a literature review, the in vitro antibacterial effect of restorative dental materials on microorganisms involved in dental caries such as Streptococcus mutans. Material and Methods: This literature review was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs and Cochrane, and the following descriptors were employed: antibacterial potential, Streptococcus mutans, restorative materials, glass ionomer cement, compomer e composite resins. Eight articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: in vitro studies that evaluated the antibacterial activity of restorative materials and used strains of Streptococcus mutans grown on traditional culture media, as well as availability of full text, publication in Portuguese, English or Spanish, and clarity in describing methodology details. Results and Conclusion: Data revealed that glass-ionomer cements presented a higher antibacterial activity than compomers and composite resins, despite the need for further studies in order to clarify the real antibacterial potential of such material.

Clinical Evaluation of Flexural Effects on The Retention of Three Different Cervical Restorative Materials.

Aim: The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate the best material for restoring non carious cervical lesions, in terms of retention and sensitivity, among Glass Ionomer Cement (GC Fuji II), composite(Filtek Z350 Universal Hybrid) and compomer (Dyract-AP): In patients with normal occlusion and with traumatic occlusion. Materials and Methods : Patients with non-carious cervical lesions were selected on a random basis. No restrictions were placed on the size or position of the lesion.A total of 66 restorations were placed in 20 patients. Teeth were divided into two groups: Group 1 : teeth in normal occlusion.(no of restorations = 33) ,Group 2 : teeth in traumatic occlusion.(no of restorations = 33). Teeth in the respective groups were restored with Glass Ionomer Cement (n = 11), Composite (n = 11) and Compomer (n = 11). The patients were recalled at intervals of 2,4 and 6 months for assessment of restorations in terms of retention and tooth sensitivity for both the groups. Results: In terms of retention and sensitivity, when comparison was made between normal and trauma group, there was statistical significance only for glass ionomer cement.

Degradação dos materiais restauradores utilizados em lesões cervicais não cariosas / Degradation of the restorative materials used in non-carious cervical lesions

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de bebidas ácidas e da escovação em materiais utilizados em lesões cervicais não cariosas. MÉTODOS: Três resinas compostas, um compômero e um cimento de ionômero resino-modificado foram testados. Para cada material, cinco espécimes foram imersos em uma das soluções teste (suco de laranja, coca-cola, uísque ou água destilada) por 10 dias a 37ºC. Em seguida, os espécimes foram submetidos à escovação (20000 ciclos, 200g de carga). O peso e a rugosidade superficial foram avaliados antes e após a imersão nas soluções e escovação. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA/Teste Tukey (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: As imersões em suco de laranja e coca-cola seguida de escovação causaram significativamente maior perda de peso para o compômero e cimento de ionômero de vidro resino-modificado comparado às resinas compostas. O maior aumento de rugosidade superficial foi observado no cimento de ionômero de vidro resino-modificado após imersão em suco de laranja seguida de escovação. CONCLUSÃO: A imersão em bebidas ácidas seguida de escovação causou degradação nos materiais restauradores avaliados, com perda de material e aumento na rugosidade superficial.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of acidic beverages and brushing on the restorative materials used in non-carious cervical lesions. METHODS: Three composite resins, one compomer and one resin-modified glass ionomer were tested. Five specimens of each material were immersed in each of the test solutions (orange juice, Coca-Cola, whisky and distilled water) for a 10-day period at 37ºC. Next, the specimens were brushed (20000 cycles with a load of 200g). Weight and surface roughness were measured before and after immersion and brushing. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey Test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The compomer and resin-modified glass ionomer lost significantly more weight after immersion in orange juice and Coca-Cola followed by brushing than the composite resins. The resin-modified glass-ionomer presented the highest increase in surface roughness after orange juice immersion and brushing. CONCLUSION: Immersion in acidic beverages followed by brushing degraded the restorative materials tested, causing loss of material and increased surface roughness.

Influence of bleaching treatment on flexural resistance of hybrid materials

The aim of this study is to evaluate the flexural resistance of three types of restorative materials: compomer (Freedom), resin-modified glass-ionomer (Vitremer) and composite resin (Esthet-X), observing whether the application of bleaching agent can cause alterations of their flexural properties. Sixty samples were made using a 10x1x1 mm brass mold, and divided into three groups: G1- Freedom (SDI); G2- Vitremer (3M ESPE); G3- Esthet-X (Dentsply). On half of the samples of each group (10 samples) the bleaching treatment was applied and the other half, used as control, was stored in distilled water at a temperature of 37oC. Whiteness HP Maxx bleaching system was applied on the sample surface following the manufacturer's recommendations, simulating the bleaching treatment at the clinic. After this period, a flexural strength (three-point bending) test was conducted using (EMIC DL 1000) machine until the samples fractured. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests. Of the restorative materials studied, G3- (87.24±31.40MPa) presented the highest flexural strength, followed by G1-(61.67±21.32MPa) and G2-(61.67±21.32MPa). There was a statistical difference in flexural strength after the bleaching treatment. It was concluded that the use of a beaching agent can promote significant alteration of the flexural strength of these restorative materials.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a resistencia flexural de tres tipos de materiais restauradores hibridos; compomero (Freedom), cimento de ionomero de vidro modificado por resina (CIV-RM) (Vitremer) e resina composta (Esthet-X) verificando se a aplicacao do agente clareador promove alteracoes em suas propriedades flexurais. Foram confeccionadas 60 amostras, com auxilio de uma matriz metalica 10x1x1mm, as quais foram divididas em tres grupos: G1- Freedom (SDI); G2- Vitremer (3M ESPE); G3- Esthet-X (Dentsply). Em metade das amostras de cada grupo, ou seja, 10 amostras, foi realizado o tratamento clareador permanecendo as demais armazenadas em agua destilada 37°C. Utilizou-se o sistema de clareamento Whiteness HP Maxx sobre a superficie das amostras seguindo as orientacoes do fabricante, simulando assim, o tratamento clareador realizado em consultorio. Decorrido este periodo, foi realizado o ensaio mecanico de resistencia a flexao de 3 pontos na maquina de testes universal (EMIC DL 1000) ate a fratura dos especimes. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA-2 fatores e Tukey. Observou-se diferenca estatisticamente significante entre os materiais, sendo que G3-(87,24±31,40MPa) apresentou a maior resistencia flexural seguida pelo G1-(61,67±21,32MPa) e G2- (21,04±8,94MPa), e apos a realizacao do tratamento clareador. Concluiu-se que ha diferenca estatisticamente significante entre a resistencia flexural da resina composta, compomero e o CIVRM, sendo a aplicacao do agente clareador capaz de promover alteracoes na resistencia flexural destes materiais.

Fluoride release frompolyacid modified composites (compomers) in artificial saliva and lactic acid / Liberação de flúor por compósitos poliácidos modificados (compômeros) em saliva artifical e ácido lático

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different extraction media and time on the amount and pattern of fluoride release from compomers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 42 specimens (n = 7 per group) in disc forms (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) from three different compomers (were placed in artificial saliva (pH = 7.0) and lactic acid (pH = 5.2). The amount of the fluoride in these solutions were measured at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day time intervals by means of the fluoride ion selective electrode. The fluoride amount was calculated by concentration (ppm). The amount and the pattern of fluoride release was dependent on both the material, the storage medium and time. RESULTS: Fluoride release was evident for all the compomers but the rate of release varied considerably between the materials. Significant differences were also found between the different types of compomer (p < 0.01). A time dependent increase in the fluoride content was observed for all the compomers in both media. For all the tested materials, the fluoride release was higher in the lactic acid (p < 0.01). The amount of fluoride release was the most from Compoglass followed by Dyract AP and Glasiosite at 28th days, in both artificial saliva and lactic acid respectively. The least amount of fluoride release was observed at the first day.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito de diferentes meios e tempo na quantidade e padrão de liberação de flúor por compômeros. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 42 espécimes (n = 7 por grupo) em discos (7 mm de diâmetro, 2 mm de espessura), três compômeros diferentes, foram colocados em saliva artificial (pH 7,0) e ácido lático (pH 5,2). A quantidade de flúor nas soluções foram medidas a intervalos semanais, do 1º ao 28º dias (quatro semanas) por meio de eletrodos seletivos para íons flúor. A quantidade de flúor foi calculdada por concentração(ppm). A quantidade e o padrão da liberação de flúor variou consideravelmente tanto do material, do meio de armazenamento e tempo. RESULTADOS: A liberação de flúor foi evidente por todos os compômeros, mas a taxa de liberação variou consideravelmente entre os diferentes tipos de compômeros (p < 0.01). Um aumento relacionado com o tempo no conteúdo de flúor foi observado para todos os compômeros em ambos os meios. Para todos os materiais testados, a liberação de flúor foi maior no ácido lático (p < 0.01). A quantidade de liberação de flúor foi maior pelo Compoglass®, seguido pelo Duract AP® e Glasiosite® aos 28 dias, tanto na saliva artificial como no ácido lático respectivamente. A menor liberação de flúor foi observada no primeiro dia.

Compressive strength of esthetic restorative materials polymerized with quartz-tungsten-halogen light and blue LED

This study compared the compressive strength of a composite resin and compomer photoactivated with a conventional quartz-tungsten halogen-light (XL 3000, 3M/SPE) and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) (SmartLite PS; Dentsply/De Trey). Forty disc-shaped specimens were prepared using a split polytetrafluoroethylene matrix (4.0 mm diameter x 8.0 mm hight) in which the materials were inserted incrementally. The curing time of each increment was of 40 s with the QTH and 10 s with the LED. The specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the light source and the restorative material. After storage in distilled water at 37oC ± 2oC for 24 h, the specimens was tested in compressive strength in a universal testing machine with load cell of 500 kgf running at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data (in MPa) were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). For the composite resin, light curing with the QTH source did not produce statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the compressive strength when compared to light curing with the LED source. However, light curing of the compomer with the QTH source resulted in significantly higher compressive strength than the use of the LED unit (p>0.05). The composite resin presented significantly higher (p>0.05) compressive strength than the compomer, regardless of the light source. In conclusion, the compressive strength of the tested materials photoactivated with a QTH and a LED light source was influenced by the energy density employed and the chemical composition of the esthetic restorative materials.

Este estudo comparou a resistência à compressão de uma resina composta e de um compômero, fotoativados com luz halógena convencional de quarto-tungstênio (QTH) (XL 300, 3M/SPE) e LED azul (SmartLite PS; Dentsply/De Trey). Foram confeccionados 40 espécimes em forma de disco usando uma matriz bipartida de politetrafluoretileno (4,0 mm de diâmetro x 8,0 mm de altura) em que o material foi inserido incrementalmente. O tempo de polimerização de cada incremento foi de 40 s para a luz halógena convencional e de 10 s para o LED. Os espécimes foram aleatoriamente alocados em 4 grupos (n=10), de acordo com a fonte de luz e com o material restaurador. Depois de armazenadas em água destilada a 37°C ± 2°C por 24 h, a resistência à compressão dos espécimes foi testada em uma máquina universal de ensaios com célula de carga de 500 kgf a uma velocidade de carregamento de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados (em MPa) foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Para a resina composta, a fotopolimerização com luz halógena não produziu diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) em sua resistência à compressão quando comparada à fotopolimerização com LED. Contudo, a fotopolimerização do compômero com a luz halógena resultou em uma resistência à compressão significativamente maior que a feita o LED (p>0,05). A resina composta apresentou resistência à compressão significativamente maior que a do compômero, independente da fonte de luz. Concluiu-se que a resistência à compressão dos materiais fotopolimerizados com luz halógena e LED foi influenciada pela densidade de energia empregada e pela composição química dos materiais restauradores estéticos.

Toxicity Testing of Restorative Dental Materials Using Brine Shrimp Larvae (Artemia salina)

This study investigated the effect of extracts of different composites, glass ionomer cement (GIC)s and compomers on the viability of brine shrimp larvae. Ethanolic extracts of four dental composites (Z-100; Solitaire 2; Filtek P60 and Synergy), a conventional GIC (Ketac-Fil), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer), two compomers (F2000; Dyract AP), and a flowable compomer (Dyract Flow) were prepared from each material. Following evaporation of the ethanol, the extracts were resuspended in distilled water, which was then used to test the effects on the viability of brine shrimp larvae. For the composites, the extract of Synergy was the least toxic (88 percent viability) followed by the extracts of Solitaire 2, Z100 and P60 (75 percent, 67.5 percent and 50 percent viability, respectively). One-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences between the resin composite materials (p<0.001). Follow-up comparison between the composite groups by Tukey's pairwise multiple-comparison test (á =0.05) showed that the extract of Synergy was significantly less toxic than the extracts of all the other materials except that of Solitaire 2. The compomers showed 100 percent lethality, while the percentage of viable larvae for the extracts of Ketac-Fil, and Vitremer were 32.3 percent, and 37.0 percent, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences between the groups of materials (p<0.001). Follow-up comparison between the groups by Tukey's test (á = 0.05) showed that the toxic effect of the extracts of the compomers were significantly greater than that of Ketac-Fil, and Vitremer. The differences in the toxic effects of Vitremer and Ketac-Fil were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the toxicity of composite materials varied according to their chemical composition. Compomers were the most lethal materials to brine shrimp larvae followed by GICs and then composites.

Two-year clinical wear performance of two polyacid-modified resin composites (compomers) in posterior permanent teeth

Aim: The aim was to compare the clinical wear of two compomers (F2000; 3M/ESPE and Dyract AP; Dentsply) placed in occlusal cavities in permanent molars within a two-year follow-up period using an indirect method of evaluation. Methods: Twenty-one patients, whose treatment plans included Class I restorations, were selected. Each patient received two occlusal Class I restorations in permanent molars. One and 2 years after placement of the restorations, the 21 teeth restored with each material were submitted to wear evaluation. Polyvinylsiloxane impressions were taken and casts were made (baseline, 1 year and 2 years). The casts were classified by comparative evaluation using sets of 18 calibrated standard models (0 to 900 ìm), according to Leinfelder’s indirect method. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used for comparisons between the evaluations for the same material and between materials for each evaluation period, respectively. Results: The occlusal wear was higher after 2 years than after 1 year (p<0.001). The t-test demonstrated that the wear values, after 1 year, were similar for both compomers (F2000=17.6 ìm and Dyract AP=12.8 ìm). However, after 2 years, F2000 restorations (40.6 ìm) suffered significantly more wear (p<0.05) than Dyract AP restorations (29.8 ìm). Although compomers performed similarly after 1 year, Dyract showed less occlusal wear after 2 years. All occlusal Class I compomer restorations presented more occlusal wear after 2 years, but were considered as clinically acceptable within the evaluation period. Conclusions: The mean wear values found for both compomers do not indicate the need for either repair or replacement of the restorations.